When you turn on a faucet, charge an electric vehicle or use products made with clean hydrogen, you may not realize that membranes—ultrathin films perforated with pores too small to see—make these modern processes possible. They purify water, recover valuable minerals and help power emerging clean-energy technologies. But despite their enormous importance, researchers still don’t fully understand how water and ions move through these films at the molecular level.
New perspective charts path to next-generation water and energy membranes
