For decades, boosting photosynthesis in crops has been viewed as a scientific holy grail. Yet photosynthesis does not operate in isolation: it is tightly interwoven with environmental factors—light, CO₂, soil nitrogen, and water—as well as the plant’s own internal regulatory networks. These complex interactions mean that improving photosynthesis in real-world agricultural settings requires a holistic, systems-level approach rather than a single, linear solution.


