The intensification of global agriculture results in significant disposal challenges, with 14 billion tons of crop straw and 125 million tons of livestock manure produced annually. Traditional composting often fails due to low lignocellulose degradation efficiency and the persistence of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, the use of antibiotics, like oxytetracycline in livestock, increases the transmission of these ARGs and pathogens in soil-plant systems, threatening agricultural safety and the environment.
Mushroom-based composting can cut farm waste, pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes
